Under a recent reciprocal trade deal signed with US, Bangladesh will grant duty-free access to 7,132 American products, while 2,500 Bangladeshi products will get the same privilege into the world's largest economy.

Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus disclosed the details in a Facebook post today (15 February), saying that Bangladesh's duty-free list includes a wide range of items such as pharmaceuticals, agricultural goods, plastics, timber, and wood-based products. Bangladesh has a total of 7,458 tariff lines.

Under the agreement, all but 326 US products will enjoy duty-free treatment. Prior to the signing of the agreement on 9 February, only 441 US products received duty-free access in Bangladesh.

Of the 7,132 US products, Bangladesh made 4,922 tariff lines effective immediately on the day of signing. The remaining items will see a phased reduction in tariffs.

For 1,538 products, tariffs will be reduced to zero over five years. In the first year, duties will be cut by 50%, with the remaining 50% reduced proportionately over the following four years.

Another 672 products will see tariffs phased out over ten years, with an initial 50% reduction in the first year and the rest gradually eliminated over the subsequent nine years.
US cuts Bangladesh tariff to 19%, no duty on RMG made of US cotton

The chief adviser said that Bangladesh has committed to purchasing certain products from the US that it already imports from other countries. As the US remains the main destination for Bangladesh's RMG exports, the shift in sourcing is aimed at preserving market access without incurring additional costs.

He emphasised that the move involves changing the source of imports rather than increasing overall spending.

According to Yunus, US has signed reciprocal tariff agreements with around 15 countries, including Malaysia, UK, Switzerland, and Bangladesh. Among the publicly available agreements, Bangladesh's "Agreement on BD-US Reciprocal Trade (ART)" shares certain similarities with deals signed with Malaysia and Cambodia.

However, Bangladesh has secured some comparatively favourable terms. For example, in agreements with Malaysia and Cambodia, those countries must consult the US before signing any digital trade agreement with a third party. No such provision exists in the finalised draft of the Bangladesh-US ART.

The chief adviser, however, did not mention any clause restricting Bangladesh from entering trade agreements with non-market economies such as China or Russia.

On rules of origin, Yunus noted that the agreement text does not specify a fixed threshold for foreign or domestic value addition. This flexibility is expected to make it easier for Bangladeshi exports to qualify for duty-free benefits.

The deal also creates opportunities for products manufactured using US-origin cotton and man-made fiber textile inputs to receive duty-free market access in the US.
Bangladesh has to raise US defence imports under trade deal. Find out what else the agreement says

Key areas covered under the ART include support for paperless trade, intellectual property rights enforcement, a permanent moratorium on customs duties on e-commerce transmissions, reduction of non-tariff barriers and technical barriers to trade, trade facilitation, conformity assessment certification, good governance measures, and procurement of nuclear reactors, fuel rods, or enriched uranium. Bangladesh has also agreed in principle to accede to nine international IPR-related conventions.

The agreement endorses a permanent moratorium on e-commerce duties and allows the import of US medical devices and pharmaceuticals without prior market authorisation, provided they carry certification from the US Food and Drug Administration.

It also commits Bangladesh not to impose restrictions on remanufactured goods and to recognise US sanitary and phytosanitary measures for food and agricultural imports. US certification will be accepted for dairy, meat, and poultry products.

Provisions also include completing agricultural biotechnology registration processes within specified timelines and recognising related food and agricultural products, provided they do not contain living modified organisms.

Bangladesh will follow international standards for live poultry imports, recognise maximum residue limits, and complete market access procedures for plant and plant products within 24 months.

The deal further calls for liberalising equity caps for US investment in insurance, oil, gas, and telecommunications sectors; enforcing anti-corruption regulations; accepting the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies; refraining from subsidies linked to Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing; and updating Bangladesh's labor laws in line with international labor standards.

In digital trade and technology, the agreement recognises frameworks such as Cross-Border Privacy Rules, Privacy Recognition for Processors, and Personal Data Protection Office standards.

It also includes commitments to safeguard US economic and national security interests and to explore increased imports from the US, including Boeing aircraft, LNG, LPG, soybeans, wheat, cotton, and military equipment.

"Overall, the Agreement on BD-US Reciprocal Trade will help Bangladesh maintain competitiveness in the US market, expand trade globally, attract investment, and deliver economic benefits," Yunus said.

The Dhaka Stock Exchange extended its pre-election rally today (10 February), with the benchmark index surging sharply for the second consecutive session as investors positioned themselves ahead of the national polls, buoyed by improving sentiment on political and economic fronts.

The DSEX advanced 1.65% or 87 points to close at 5,399, taking its two-day gain to nearly 170 points.

The strong rally added around Tk9,800 crore to the market capitalisation, reflecting renewed confidence among both retail and institutional investors.

The blue-chip DS30 index also posted a solid gain, rising 27 points to settle at 2,058.

Trading activity picked up noticeably, with turnover jumping 22% to Tk790 crore, the highest in nearly four months.

Market participants said the rise in volume indicated growing risk appetite as investors rushed to take positions before the market closure for the national election.

Today marked the final trading session ahead of the polls scheduled for 12 February, as the stock market will remain closed on 11 and 12 February following the interim government's declaration of general holidays.

Market observers said while short-term volatility may emerge after trading resumes post-election, the current rally reflects rising expectations of political stability and supportive policy measures, which could help sustain momentum in the near term if followed by concrete reforms.

Market breadth remained strongly positive, with 288 issues advancing against 67 decliners, while 37 stocks remained unchanged, underscoring broad-based participation in the rally.

Analysts attributed the upbeat momentum to a mix of domestic and global factors. The upcoming national election has raised hopes of easing prolonged political uncertainty, encouraging investors to return to equities.

At the same time, a reduction in reciprocal tariffs by the United States to 19% has improved sentiment in export-oriented sectors, particularly readymade garments, as products made with imported US cotton are expected to enjoy zero tariffs.

Analysts said the development was being viewed as a positive signal for Bangladesh's export earnings and overall economic outlook.

Another supportive factor was the modest reduction in the standing deposit facility rate, which analysts believe will discourage banks from parking excess liquidity with the central bank and instead channel funds into the broader financial system, potentially boosting market liquidity and turnover in the coming days.

Investor confidence was further lifted by comments from Finance Adviser Salehuddin Ahmed, who said the interim government would consider measures to compensate general shareholders affected by the merger of five Islamic banks, including Sammilito Islami Bank.

Speaking to journalists after a meeting of the Advisory Council Committee on Government Procurement yesterday, he acknowledged that while depositors would be prioritised, the issue of shareholders would be addressed carefully through a technical and step-by-step process.

Sector-wise, banking stocks led the rally, followed by non-bank financial institutions, engineering, food and allied, and pharmaceuticals, as investors accumulated fundamentally strong and momentum-driven scrips.

Several financially distressed NBFIs also witnessed sharp price gains amid heightened speculative interest.

The positive mood spread to the Chittagong Stock Exchange, where both major indices closed sharply higher, mirroring the optimism seen on the Dhaka bourse.

India is in talks with Brazil, Canada, France and the Netherlands over deals to jointly explore, extract, process and recycle critical minerals, sources said, as it broadens its global outreach to secure supplies of key raw materials.

The focus would be on lithium and rare earths, and India would also seek access to mineral-processing technologies, the sources said, declining to be identified because the discussions are confidential.

Heavy reliance on arch rival China, which dominates global supplies of many minerals and has advanced mining and processing technology, underscores the need for India to reach out to a range of countries as it accelerates its energy transition to cut emissions, mining experts said.

However, from discovery to production, mining can take years, as exploration alone runs five to seven years and often ends without a viable mine.

India aims to replicate elements of a critical minerals agreement it signed with Germany in January, which covers exploration, processing and recycling, as well as the acquisition and development of mineral assets in both countries and in third countries, one of the sources said.

"There are requests and we are talking to France, Netherlands and Brazil while the agreement with Canada is under active consideration," the source said.

The Ministry of Mines is leading the effort, the sources said.

Canada's Prime Minister Mark Carney is likely to visit India in early March and sign deals on uranium, energy, minerals and artificial intelligence.

Asked for comment, Canada's Natural Resources Department referred to a January statement saying both sides had agreed to formalise cooperation on critical minerals in the coming weeks.

Brazil's embassy in New Delhi, India's Ministry of Mines and the foreign ministry did not respond to Reuters' requests for comment. The embassy of the Netherlands did not comment while the embassy of France declined to comment.

India has been scouting globally for critical minerals and has signed pacts with Argentina, Australia, and Japan, and is in talks with Peru and Chile on broader bilateral agreements that also cover critical minerals.

India's expanding international engagement comes at a time when finance ministers from the G7 and other major economies met in Washington last month to discuss ways to cut dependence on rare earths from China.

In 2023, India identified more than 20 minerals, including lithium, as "critical" for its energy transition and to meet rising demand from industry and the infrastructure sector.

Oil prices eased slightly on Tuesday as traders gauged the potential for supply disruptions after US guidance for vessels transiting the Strait of Hormuz kept attention squarely on tensions between Washington and Tehran.

Brent crude oil futures were down 18 cents, or 0.26%, at $68.85 a barrel by 0353 GMT. US West Texas Intermediate crude fell 21 cents, or 0.33%, to $64.15.

That's after prices rose more than 1% on Monday, when the US Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration advised US-flagged commercial vessels to stay as far from Iran's territorial waters as possible and to verbally decline Iranian forces permission to board if asked.

About a fifth of the oil consumed globally passes through the Strait of Hormuz between Oman and Iran, making any escalation in the area a major risk to global oil supplies.

Iran along with fellow OPEC members Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Iraq export most of their crude via the strait, mainly to Asia.

The guidance was issued despite Iran's top diplomat saying last week that Oman-mediated nuclear talks with the US were off to a "good start" and set to continue.

"While talks in Oman produced a cautiously positive tone, lingering uncertainty over potential escalation, sanctions tightening, or supply disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz has kept a modest risk premium intact," Tony Sycamore, an analyst at IG, wrote in a client note.

Meanwhile, the European Union has proposed extending its sanctions against Russia to include ports in Georgia and Indonesia that handle Russian oil, the first time the bloc would target ports in third countries, according to a proposal document reviewed by Reuters.

The move is part of efforts to tighten sanctions on Russian oil, a key source of revenue for Moscow, over the war in Ukraine.

Indian Oil Corp bought six million barrels of crude from West Africa and the Middle East, traders said, as the Asian country steered clear of Russian oil in New Delhi's push for a trade deal with Washington.

Oil prices edged down on Tuesday as traders gauged the potential for supply disruptions after US guidance for vessels transiting the Strait of Hormuz kept attention squarely on tensions between Washington and Tehran.

Brent crude oil futures were down 16 cents, or 0.23 percent, at $68.88 a barrel by 0800 GMT. US West Texas Intermediate crude fell 20 cents, or 0.31 percent, to $64.16.

That’s after prices rose more than 1 percent on Monday, when the US Department of Transportation’s Maritime Administration advised US-flagged commercial vessels to stay as far from Iran’s territorial waters as possible and to verbally decline Iranian forces permission to board if asked.

About a fifth of the oil consumed globally passes through the Strait of Hormuz between Oman and Iran, making any escalation in the area a major risk to global oil supplies.

Iran and fellow OPEC members Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Iraq export most of their crude via the strait, mainly to Asia.

The guidance was issued despite Iran’s top diplomat saying last week that Oman-mediated nuclear talks with the US were off to a “good start” and set to continue.

“While talks in Oman produced a cautiously positive tone, lingering uncertainty over potential escalation, sanctions tightening, or supply disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz has kept a modest risk premium intact,” Tony Sycamore, an analyst at IG, wrote in a client note.

Meanwhile, the European Union has proposed extending its sanctions against Russia to include ports in Georgia and Indonesia that handle Russian oil, the first time the bloc would target ports in third countries, according to a proposal document reviewed by Reuters.

The move is part of efforts to tighten sanctions on Russian oil, a key source of revenue for Moscow, over the war in Ukraine.

Indian Oil Corp bought six million barrels of crude from West Africa and the Middle East, traders said, as the Asian country steered clear of Russian oil in New Delhi’s push for a trade deal with Washington.

Bangladesh recorded 6,729 road accidents in 2025, resulting in 9,111 deaths and 14,812 injuries, highlighting road safety as a pressing national concern.Third-party motor insurance, intended to provide financial coverage for those affected by such incidents, remains underutilised despite its potential as a social protection tool.

The Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority (IDRA) relaunched third-party motor insurance in August 2025 under the name "Motor Liability Insurance" on a pilot basis. Non-life insurers are allowed to sell the policy for one year and report statistics to IDRA after the period ends. Yet, six months into the pilot, uptake remains minimal.

Experts cite two main reasons: the policy is not mandatory, and premiums are relatively high.

How Motor Liability Insurance Works

The policy covers financial liability if a third party suffers death, injury, or property damage caused by an insured vehicle. Maximum compensation is Tk2,00,000 per person in the event of death or permanent total disability. Partial permanent disability is compensated as per a prescribed schedule, while serious injuries with recovery potential receive up to Tk20,000. Vehicle or property damage is covered up to Tk60,000, with legal, arbitration, and related expenses up to Tk10,000.

Previously, third-party insurance was abolished in December 2020, following the Road Transport Act 2018, which removed the mandatory requirement.

Customer reluctance

A visit to Dhaka's IDRA office revealed widespread unawareness among motorcyclists about the insurance. Those familiar with it are reluctant to purchase it since it is optional.

Golam Rasul, a private-sector employee who occasionally drives passengers via ride-sharing platforms, told The Business Standard, "I would take it if the government made it mandatory. Right now, I don't see the need to pay such high premiums. Careful driving should be enough to avoid accidents."

Insurer frustration

According to United Insurance Company Limited, around Tk48 crore in premiums were collected between January and September 2025, but none came from motor insurance.

Khawja Manzer Nadeem, Managing Director, told TBS, "No one is purchasing motor insurance because it is not legally required. Under the pilot, we haven't even issued a single policy yet. Unlike in other countries, there's no system to quickly determine compensation, so people don't see practical benefits."

Brig. Gen. (Retd.) Md. Shafique Shamim, MD and CEO of Sena Insurance Company, added, "Limited awareness and interest exist. The policy won't work unless it's mandatory. Premiums should also be reconsidered."

An anonymous insurance official noted that most companies are not actively marketing the policy, leaving sales stagnant.

IDRA's position

IDRA spokesperson Saifunnahar Sumi told TBS, "Motor insurance should be mandatory. We've discussed this with BRTA, transport owner associations, and other stakeholders. However, trust issues in the insurance sector mean agreement has not been reached yet. We are continuing to work on this."

Premiums and coverage

Under the new policy, a 150cc motorcycle requires a total premium of Tk1,006, a 350cc three-wheeler with four seats, Tk1,696, a private car (1,300cc, five seats including driver), Tk2,070, and a two-seat three-ton truck, Tk3,651.

In case of accidents, compensation follows IDRA circulars: Tk2,00,000 for death or permanent total disability, Tk20,000 for serious injuries, Tk60,000 for property damage, and Tk10,000 for legal or arbitration costs.

Practical challenges

Implementation of third-party motor insurance in Bangladesh faces several practical challenges. Many vehicle owners remain unaware of the policy or purchase it only for formality, without fully understanding its coverage or benefits.

Even when an accident occurs, claimants often have to navigate lengthy legal procedures to receive compensation, making the process cumbersome and time-consuming.

Experts also note that the current compensation limits, such as Tk2,00,000 for death or permanent total disability, are insufficient to cover the needs of affected families in today's economic context.

In addition, disputes frequently arise between insurers and policyholders, with claims sometimes denied due to unauthorised drivers, exceeding vehicle usage limits, or delayed accident notifications. Such disputes are generally resolved through civil courts or arbitration, a process that, while considered a risk management tool by insurers, can further delay compensation and add to the financial strain on victims.

Future steps

Experts suggest updating compensation limits, digitising claims settlement, increasing public awareness, and coordinating among government, regulators, and insurers. Improved road safety would also reduce accidents and ease the burden on third-party insurance.

Third-party motor insurance is not just a legal requirement; it is a critical social safety net. Given the scale of road accidents in Bangladesh, the system must become stronger, more transparent, and more effective.

A combined effort from the law, the insurance sector, and the public can transform motor liability insurance into a robust protection mechanism.

PRAN-RFL Group, a leading conglomerate in Bangladesh, is set to invest Tk 500 crore over the next three years to manufacture and market motorcycles and electric scooters.

The group aims to produce its own eco-friendly electric scooter brand, RYDO, while also taking over the manufacturing and distribution of the renowned Indian brand TVS in the local market, according to a press release.

The move is expected to create direct and indirect employment for 5,000 people.

A motorcycle assembly and manufacturing plant will soon be established at the Habiganj Industrial Park.

“Today, motorcycles and bicycles are not just modes of transportation for young people; they have become lifestyle products,” said RN Paul, managing director of RFL Group.

Under a recently signed memorandum of understanding (MoU), PRAN-RFL will invest Tk 400 crore in phases to produce “Made in Bangladesh” TVS motorcycles.

Mahmudur Rahman, chief operating officer of RFL’s bike business, said that marketing of TVS motorcycles will commence by the end of February, with full-scale production at the Habiganj factory starting within this year. The initial target is to produce 5,000 units a month.

RFL has already begun assembling RYDO scooters, which are electric vehicles, with an initial investment of Tk 50 crore.

“By 2027, we aim to offer high-quality RYDO electric scooters at around Tk 50,000,” Paul said, adding that the group plans to manufacture almost all components locally within the next year to ensure affordability.

To address charging infrastructure challenges, the group is installing fast-charging stations at its retail outlets in partnership with Glafit Bangladesh Limited.

The country’s motorcycle market is currently valued at Tk 7,000-Tk 8,000 crore, with annual growth of 16-17 percent. Industry experts expect national production capacity to reach one million units by 2027.

Finance Adviser Salehuddin Ahmed said that there are several complex issues involved in approving the proposal aimed at strengthening Bangladesh Bank’s (BB) autonomy, and that they will be handled by the elected government.

“These are difficult decisions. It is not the job of the interim government to make such decisions. The next government will decide on these matters,” he said after a meeting of the Advisory Committee on Government Procurement yesterday.

Autonomy of the central bank does not mean changing the governor’s status to minister status. It involves several internal issues, such as changing the composition of the board, including members from the private sector, and ensuring that no government bureaucrats remain.

When asked, the finance adviser assessed his own performance over the past 18 months at more than 70 out of 100.

“I am pragmatic about this. I don’t beat my own drum,” he said, noting that there were many things he wanted to do but could not.

“I started many initiatives, but could not complete them. That is why I definitely cannot give myself a full 100 marks.”

Regarding the separation of the National Board of Revenue (NBR), he said the process has been initiated, but could not be completed.

The interim government has no political agenda behind these reforms, he stressed. These reforms were undertaken in the public interest and must be carried forward by the next government.

Speaking about the overall economic situation, the adviser said the interim government inherited a collapsed economy and managed to bring it to a stable position, though many challenges remain.

Economic activity and trade must accelerate. Otherwise, employment will not increase. Reducing inflation remains a challenge and cannot be addressed through monetary policy alone -- improvements on the supply side are also necessary.

He added that the banking sector continues to face significant challenges, with deep-rooted problems requiring tough measures.

The BB governor has taken steps in this regard, which are praiseworthy, but “praise alone is not enough,” the adviser said. There is still a shortage of credit supply and a lack of depositor confidence in the banking sector, although confidence has partially returned.

Regarding small shareholders of the five merged banks, he said the finance ministry is working on ways to compensate their losses. The issue is quite complex, and options such as providing shares in the new banks or offering some form of financial compensation are being considered.

The gap between what Bangladesh buys and sells abroad, known as trade deficit, grew over 18 percent in the first half (H1) of the current fiscal year 2025-26, driven by rising imports and declining export earnings.

The country’s trade deficit ballooned to $11.55 billion in the six months through December 2025, up from $9.76 billion in the corresponding period a year earlier.

During the period, import bills rose 5 percent year-on-year to $33.67 billion, driven partly by pre-Ramadan purchasing, according to Balance of Payments (BoP) data released by the central bank.

Export earnings, meanwhile, slipped 0.9 percent to $22.12 billion.

Industry insiders expect the deficit to widen further in coming months as imports continue to rise while exports show no clear upward trend.

Global commodity prices remain stable for now, but any uptick would push import costs higher.

The solution, industry representatives argue, lies in diversifying into new export markets and products.

The broader balance of payments, however, shows a more encouraging trend. The current account deficit actually narrowed to $343 million from $518 million a year earlier.

The current account captures the net flow of funds into and out of the country, including payments for goods and services, income earned from overseas investments, and foreign aid. When imports exceed exports, or when outgoing payments for investment and aid are higher than incoming receipts, the account moves into deficit.

Meanwhile, the surplus in the financial account – which tracks cross-border flows related to investments, loans, aid, and other financial transactions – quadrupled to $2 billion from $525 million.

The surge in the financial account was buoyed by stronger net foreign direct investment, which climbed to $828 million from $553 million.

The net result is a $1.94 billion balance of payments surplus, reversing last year’s $467 million deficit.

Bangladesh will purchase $3.5 billion of US agricultural products and $15 billion of energy products over 15 years, as part of a broader reciprocal trade agreement with Washington signed yesterday.

This procurement value will increase if the planned purchase of 14 Boeing jets by state-run Biman is taken into account.

The interim government this week said it is going to sign a deal with Boeing to purchase 14 planes valued at around Tk 30,000–35,000 crore ($2.46–2.87 billion).

“Bangladesh commits to provide significant preferential market access for US industrial and agricultural goods, including: chemicals; medical devices; machinery and motor vehicles and parts; information and communication technology (ICT) equipment; energy products; soy products; dairy products; beef; poultry; and tree nuts and fruit,” said a joint statement issued by the White House yesterday.

The US will cut reciprocal tariffs on Bangladeshi goods to 19 percent from the existing 20 percent, with some products eligible for a zero tariff rate.

A mechanism will also be introduced to allow a specified volume of Bangladeshi textiles and apparel to enter the US duty-free, linked to the export of American cotton and man-made fibre inputs, it said.

The agreement was signed after negotiations spanned more than nine months since April 2025, following the initial imposition of a 37 percent tariff by the US on Bangladesh’s exports to its markets.

The US is the single biggest market for Bangladesh’s exports.

The statement said the deal between the two nations builds upon the longstanding economic relationship, including the US-Bangladesh Trade and Investment Cooperation Forum Agreement (TICFA), signed in 2013.

As per the agreement, Dhaka has pledged to lower non-tariff barriers by recognising US vehicle safety standards, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) certificates for medical devices and pharmaceuticals, and removing restrictions on remanufactured goods. It will also digitalise customs procedures, permit free cross-border data transfers, and adopt good regulatory practices.

“The agreement commits Bangladesh to strengthen labour protections, enforce environmental laws, and adopt robust intellectual property standards, including provisions on geographical indications to safeguard US producers of cheese and meat.”

Washington, meanwhile, will consider financing investment in critical sectors through institutions such as the Export-Import Bank and the International Development Finance Corporation, it added.

“Bangladesh commits to a robust standard for intellectual property protection and enforcement, including ratifying or acceding to and fully implementing certain international intellectual property treaties,” the statement said.

The South Asian country has also committed to provisions on geographical indications that will preserve US market access, particularly for US cheese and meat producers who rely on the use of common names, it added.

The statement said both governments would “promptly finalise” the agreement and complete domestic formalities before it enters into force.

Bangladesh has agreed to abolish the long-standing requirement for non-life insurers to reinsure at least 50% of their business with state-owned Sadharan Bima Corporation (SBC), marking one of the most significant financial sector reforms embedded in the newly signed US-Bangladesh Agreement on Reciprocal Trade.

Under the existing regime, all non-life insurers are required to cede half of their reinsurance portfolio to SBC, effectively guaranteeing the state-owned reinsurer a steady stream of premium income.

The new trade deal commits Dhaka to removing this mandatory cession requirement, including for US insurers, opening the market to full competition.

The move represents a structural shift in Bangladesh's insurance and reinsurance architecture, which has for decades operated under a protectionist framework designed to shield the national reinsurer.

Industry insiders say the decision will liberalise the reinsurance market, allowing private and foreign reinsurers to compete freely without being forced to route business through SBC.

US insurers and global reinsurance firms are expected to be among the primary beneficiaries, while domestic insurers will gain greater flexibility in selecting reinsurance partners based on pricing, capacity and risk diversification.

However, the reform is likely to significantly erode SBC's dominant position.

The state-owned reinsurer has historically relied on compulsory cessions to secure predictable premium flows.

Without that guaranteed pipeline, it may face mounting competitive pressure to improve underwriting standards, pricing and operational efficiency.

The issue has already triggered concern within policy circles.

On 11 November last year, SBC sent a letter to the Financial Institutions Division of the Ministry of Finance warning against the removal of the mandatory reinsurance clause.

In the letter, the corporation argued that repealing the provision would allow local insurers to reinsure abroad without restriction, potentially leading to substantial foreign currency outflows.

It also cautioned that unrestricted overseas reinsurance could increase the risk of money laundering through premium payments.

Analysts say the foreign exchange dimension could be particularly sensitive at a time when Bangladesh continues to manage dollar shortages under an IMF-supported reform programme.

A larger share of reinsurance premiums paid overseas would inevitably add pressure on the balance of payments.

Supporters of the reform, however, argue that a competitive reinsurance market could strengthen risk management practices, improve service quality and enhance the overall resilience of the insurance sector.

Bank deposit growth in Bangladesh rose to 11.10% in December 2025, marking the highest rate in 50 months, driven largely by robust remittance inflows and higher deposit interest rates.

Bangladesh Bank data shows that total deposits in the banking sector stood at more than Tk19.73 lakh crore at the end of December 2025, up from Tk17.76 lakh crore a year earlier.

Managing directors of several banks have attributed the rise primarily to increased remittance inflows, despite persistent challenges such as high inflation, rising unemployment, subdued export earnings and sluggish private sector credit growth.

Syed Mahbubur Rahman, managing director & CEO of Mutual Trust Bank, told TBS that remittance growth had played a decisive role. "Despite rising unemployment and stagnant incomes, the volume of deposits has grown because remittances have increased," he said.

Sohail RK Hussain, managing director of Bank Asia, said public confidence in banks as a safe investment avenue also contributed to the growth. "When remittances come through banking channels, they are converted into taka, which increases the volume of deposits. Moreover, deposit interest rates are now higher than before," he said.

According to central bank data, remittance inflows reached $3.22 billion in December 2025, the third-highest monthly figure in the country's history, compared with $2.64 billion in December 2024. The highest-ever monthly remittance inflow was recorded in March 2025 at $3.29 billion.

Following the political transition in 2024, remittance flows through formal banking channels began to rise steadily.

A senior official of Bangladesh Bank said the central bank moved away from the 9-6 interest rate regime in mid-2024, after which both deposit and lending rates increased. Under the previous policy, depositors received relatively lower returns, but the shift has made bank deposits more attractive.

A treasury head at a private commercial bank said deposit rates currently range between 9% and 9.5%, which is above the prevailing inflation rate. At the same time, yields on treasury bills and bonds have declined, prompting individuals and institutions to park funds in bank deposits.

In September 2021, deposit growth stood at 11.26%. Thereafter, it declined steadily, remaining in single digits for 17 consecutive months before returning to double digits in August 2025.

Currency outside banks drops

Bangladesh Bank data also shows that currency outside the banking system declined slightly. As of December 2025, currency outside banks stood at Tk2.75 lakh crore, compared with Tk2.76 lakh crore in December 2024 – a decrease of over Tk1,000 crore.

In Bangladesh's largest export market, the European Union (EU), apparel unit prices fell 3.84% in 2025 compared to 2024, amid sluggish European demand and aggressive competition from major exporters like China and India.

Analysts say this surge was partly driven by US tariff barriers, pushing non-US shipments toward Europe.

Eurostat data, analysed by the Bangladesh Apparel Exchange, shows EU apparel imports grew 2.10% to €90 billion last year, driven by a 13.78% rise in volume, while average unit prices dropped 10.27%.

Bangladesh's apparel exports to the EU rose to €19.41 billion from €18.32 billion in 2024 – a 6% growth – but unit prices fell 3.84% as volumes outpaced value growth. December alone saw a 12% year-on-year drop in unit prices.

Fazlul Haque, managing director of Plummy Fashions, told The Business Standard, "Demand in Europe has not increased much, while due to higher tariffs in the US, countries like China are exporting less there and pushing more into the European market to offset losses. As a result, prices are falling, and we are also forced to sell at lower prices."

China's apparel exports to the EU rose 1.17% in value to €26.58 billion, despite a 9.38% fall in unit prices. Mohammad Abdur Razzaque, chairman of Research and Policy Integration for Development (RAPID), said, "Demand has not grown much as some European countries are under economic pressure. At the same time, US tariffs are pushing exporters into Europe, which is affecting prices."

He added that prices may recover slightly in the short term, but over the next two to three years, pressure is likely to return as India and Vietnam gain zero-tariff access under EU free trade agreements. Eurostat shows unit prices fell for almost all major exporters except Vietnam, whose exports rose 10% with a 4.51% unit price increase.

Nearly half of Bangladesh's apparel exports are destined for Europe. In FY2024-25, Bangladesh exported around $40 billion worth of ready-made garments to the global market.

As Ramadan approaches, prices of essential commodities, including fruits, vegetables, and protein items, are increasing in the kitchen markets of the capital, leaving consumers, particularly the low-income group, worried.

People fear that the prices may soar further as Ramadan will begin at the time when the interim government hands over the power to the BNP.

Lemon, one of the main ingredients for iftar to prepare juice, is now selling at what vendors call a "century" rate.

A visit to markets in Lalbagh, New Market, and Azimpur today revealed that the price of large lemons has jumped nearly 50% within a couple of weeks. A hali (four pieces) of large lemons is now selling for Tk110–120, up from Tk70–80 just a fortnight ago. Medium-sized lemons, previously priced at Tk50–60 per hali, have climbed to Tk80.

Explaining the price hike, Lalbagh's vendor Mamun Mia said the low supply due to off-season has hit the market, and only the trees that bear fruit year-round are providing lemons now.

Blaming the recent election-related transport restrictions for the hike, he said supply shrinks, and prices increase when perishable goods do not reach the market on time, insisting that the situation is temporary and prices will stabilise once the main season begins.

Shahida Begum, a homemaker shopping at New Market, said prices fall in other countries when Ramadan begins but it happens the opposite in Bangladesh. If transport runs a little less for two days, traders immediately raise prices.

As winter draws to a close, seasonal vegetables have grown costlier. Papaya has risen from Tk25 to Tk30 per kg. Bitter gourd has surged from Tk120 to Tk160, while okra has jumped from Tk80 to Tk120. Green chilies are selling at Tk120 per kg. Round eggplant stands at Tk80, and cucumbers at Tk60. Long eggplants — essential for preparing beguni, have increased by Tk10 to Tk60 per kg from Tk50.

However, bottle gourd has reduced to Tk60 from Tk50, and tomatoes Tk50 from Tk60. Potatoes remain stable at Tk20 per kg, cauliflower at Tk30, and hyacinth beans between Tk40 and Tk60.

On the other hand, Sonali chicken, once sold at Tk330 per kg, now sells at Tk350. Broiler chicken is Tk190. Beef has climbed sharply from Tk750 to Tk850 per kg. Among fish, rui, shing, koi, and pabda have risen by Tk20 to Tk 30 per kg, though other varieties remain stable.

Onions, sold for Tk50 on Friday, were Tk60 yesterday. Local garlic has reached Tk120 from Tk90–100, while imported one stands at Tk160. Chinese ginger is selling at Tk160, and the local variety at Tk130–140.

Khesari lentils have increased from Tk85–90 to Tk100 per kg. However, other pulses are stable, such as mung, masoor, and chickpeas. Sugar prices Tk100, gram flour at Tk80, and dried chili at Tk350 per kg. Isabgol husk is priced at Tk150 per 100 grams.

The price of pulao rice has gone up from Tk135 to Tk140 per kg, while other rice varieties remain steady: Miniket at Tk80, Atash at Tk60, and Pajam at Tk55. Loose soybean oil is selling at Tk200 per liter and loose mustard oil at Tk220.

Within a week, prices of dates have jumped Tk50–100 per kg depending on the variety. Despite a reduction in import duty from 25% to 15% last December — aimed at boosting imports and stabilising prices — market rates have climbed instead.

Currently, Zahidi dates are selling at Tk280 per kg, up from Tk250 a week ago. Boro'i items sell for Tk480–500, Dabbas at Tk500, Kalmi at Tk700 (up from Tk600), Sukkari at Tk800, Mabroom at Tk850–1,200, Mariam at Tk1, 100–1,400, and Medjool at Tk1, 200–1,500 per kg.

Besides, nearly all varieties of fruits have increased by Tk20–60 per kg within a week, with traders claiming heightened demand for Ramadan.

Apples are selling at Tk260–350 per kg, oranges at Tk240–350, malta at Tk250–280, white grapes at Tk520–550, black grapes at Tk550–600, and pomegranates at Tk450–550.

Arif Majumdar, a fruit trader at New Market, said dealers have hiked prices in anticipation of Ramadan. "Election-related disruptions also prevented some shipments from arriving.

Bangladesh Bank (BB) has fixed office hours from 9:30am to 4pm for all scheduled banks in the country during the month of Ramadan.

However, people will be allowed to make banking transactions from 9:30am to 2:30pm, according to a circular issued by the central bank today (10 February).

For bank staff, there will be a break of 15 minutes from 1:15pm to 1:30pm for Zuhr prayers.

The office and banking hours will return to the earlier time after Ramadan, said the BB's notice.

Experts have warned that Bangladesh's newly signed reciprocal tariff agreement with the United States sharply limits its ability to enter trade deals with countries such as China or Russia.

They said the pact includes a clause barring Bangladesh from concluding agreements with any "non-market economy", with violations risking the reimposition of a 37% reciprocal tariff first imposed by Washington in April last year.

The agreement states: "If Bangladesh enters into a new bilateral free trade agreement or preferential economic agreement with a non-market country that undermines this Agreement, the United States may, if consultations fail, terminate this Agreement and reimpose the applicable reciprocal tariff rate."

The US-classified non-market economies include China, Russia, Vietnam, Belarus, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Moldova and Azerbaijan.

Bangladesh has to raise US defence imports under trade deal. Find out what else the agreement says

Trade analysts said the clause could also block Bangladesh's entry into the world's largest trade bloc, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, as China is a member and accession would require separate agreements with all members.

They added that Bangladesh's current trajectory of engagement with China may no longer be viable.

Former WTO Cell director Md Hafizur Rahman and former Bangladesh Trade and Tariff Commission member Mostafa Abid Khan shared these views with TBS while analysing the agreement.

Commerce Adviser Sk Bashir Uddin and US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer signed the deal in Washington on 9 February. Under the pact, the reciprocal tariff on Bangladeshi exports has been lowered to 19%, while garments made from US cotton and synthetic fibres will qualify for zero reciprocal duty.

However, much of the 32-page text released by the Office of the US Trade Representative sets out obligations Bangladesh must meet to access limited tariff relief, they said.

A close reading shows that while most US tariffs remain intact, Bangladesh has agreed to eliminate or sharply reduce customs duties on most US product categories. Some goods will receive duty-free access immediately, while others will see tariffs halved and fully phased out within five to ten years.

"….customs duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category EIF shall be eliminated entirely, and these goods shall be duty-free on the date of entry into force of this Agreement…customs duties on originating goods provided for in the items in staging category A shall remain zero," reads the document, without specifying items under those categories.

The agreement is expected to take effect 60 days after both sides complete their legal procedures.

Potential impact on investment

The agreement allows the US to take action against companies operating in Bangladesh if they export goods to the US at below-market prices. It also permits action if a foreign firm exports to third countries at below-market rates and a US company claims injury as a result.

Hafizur said this could deter investors, particularly from China and other countries, who view Bangladesh as a low-cost production base for exports to the US.

Asked how "market rate" would be defined, Abid said the US would determine it, recalling that past anti-dumping cases used production costs plus a 20% profit margin.

Revenue collection, intellectual property

The agreement is expected to boost Bangladesh's garment exports by granting zero reciprocal tariffs on apparel made from US cotton. India and Pakistan, which rely on domestic cotton, will not receive similar benefits, potentially giving Bangladesh an edge.

The US will offer tariff concessions on 6,710 products, while Bangladesh will benefit on 1,638 items.

Hafizur said the US has cut duties on its exports by 50%, leaving only VAT and advance income tax, which could reduce Bangladesh's revenue and weaken protection for domestic industries.

On intellectual property, Bangladesh must accede to 13 treaties outside the WTO framework, a process both experts said would pose significant legal and economic challenges.

Reciprocal tariff deal with US allows exit with notice: Commerce adviser

Regulatory and labour obligations

Bangladesh has agreed to remove non-tariff barriers, licensing requirements and restrictions on US products, accept US certifications unilaterally, and comply with safety and emissions standards set by agencies such as the FDA.

It must also ease barriers for reinsurers, expand freedom of association for workers, resolve criminal cases against factory workers, establish a minimum wage review mechanism, and strengthen IP enforcement.

Bangladesh will also have to ratify or accede to a dozen global conventions, including the Berne Convention, within three to five years.

Commercial purchases for Bangladesh

Commercial purchase deals under the agreement include Bangladesh's acquisition of 14 Boeing aircraft, with an option to buy more, a long-term offtake of US liquefied natural gas valued at an estimated $15 billion over 15 years, procurement of at least 700,000 tonnes of wheat per year for five years, 2.6 million tonnes or $1.25 billion worth of soy and soy products over one year, and cotton worth $3.5 billion.

Regarding the Boeing aircraft, Commerce Adviser Sk Bashir Uddin told journalists that Bangladesh would spend between TK30,000 and 35,000 crore to purchase them, payable over 20 years, averaging roughly Tk1,500 crore per year.

Bangladesh to sign reciprocal tariff trade deal with US today

Security clauses

While protecting US business, Bangladesh must take precautions in trades with countries that face US economic or national security concerns.

The agreement states: "Bangladesh shall adopt or maintain a complementary restrictive measure, in accordance with its laws and regulations, in support of the US measure" if the US imposes a "border measure or other trade action" to protect its economic or national security.

The deal restricts Bangladesh's defence purchases. "Bangladesh shall endeavour to increase purchases of US military equipment and limit military equipment purchases from certain countries."

It also dictates which countries Bangladesh should do business with: "Bangladesh shall adopt measures to encourage shipbuilding and shipping by market economy countries."

Facilitating US investment

The deal also facilitates US direct investment in exploration and mining of critical minerals and energy resources in Bangladesh, as well as in power generation, telecommunications, transportation, and infrastructure, on terms no less favourable than those offered to local investors.

The agreement requires Bangladesh to stop subsidising state-owned enterprises producing commercial goods that may discriminate against US goods and services.

Bangladesh agrees to do all these to get some tariff relief in exchange for helping the US minimize its trade gap – roughly $6.1 billion in 2024 – with Bangladesh.

Limited tariff benefits

In return, the US has pledged to create a mechanism allowing a limited volume of Bangladeshi apparel and textile exports to enter duty-free, linked to the use of US cotton and man-made fibres.

Other Bangladeshi goods will face an additional ad valorem duty capped at 19%.

The White House said the agreement builds on the 2013 Trade and Investment Cooperation Forum Agreement and would provide "unprecedented access" to each other's markets.

USTR Jamieson Greer said the deal marked "a meaningful step forward" in opening markets and creating new opportunities for American exporters.

PRAN-RFL Group has entered Bangladesh's motorcycle market with a plan to invest around Tk500 crore over the next three years, aiming to set up a manufacturing and assembly facility at the Habiganj Industrial Park and create direct and indirect employment for about 5,000 people.

The country's leading conglomerate will operate in both conventional motorcycles and electric two-wheelers, combining the manufacturing and marketing of its own electric scooter brand, RYDO, with the local production and distribution of motorcycles under the popular TVS brand.

According to company officials, work on establishing the Habiganj plant will begin soon. Alongside manufacturing, PRAN-RFL will invest in building a modern nationwide marketing network and strengthening after-sales services, a segment industry insiders say is critical to sustaining growth in Bangladesh's competitive two-wheeler market.

PRAN-RFL has already started manufacturing and marketing RYDO electric scooters at its Habiganj facility, employing around 1,000 people directly. Once the factory reaches full capacity, another 1,000 direct jobs will be created, while an estimated 3,000 more positions are expected through suppliers, distributors and service centres.

RN Paul, managing director of PRAN-RFL Group, said the decision reflects changing consumer preferences, particularly among young people. "Motorcycles and bicycles are no longer just modes of transportation; they have become lifestyle products," he said, noting that PRAN-RFL's long experience in producing and marketing affordable bicycles provided a foundation for entering the motorcycle and electric scooter segments.

Taking over TVS operations

As part of its expansion, PRAN-RFL has taken over TVS motorcycles in Bangladesh under a recently signed memorandum of understanding between the two companies.

Paul said TVS motorcycles would soon be produced locally as "Made in Bangladesh" products at the Habiganj factory.

An investment of around Tk400 crore will be made in phases for TVS production, with technical support from the Indian manufacturer.

"Through new models, improved braking systems and better after-sales service, we aim to bring this brand back to the top," Paul said.

Mahmudur Rahman, chief operating officer of RFL's bike business, said marketing of TVS motorcycles through PRAN-RFL's network will begin by the end of February, while full-scale production at Habiganj is expected to start within this year. Initially, the factory will produce about 5,000 units per month, with plans to double capacity through expansion.

TVS Motor Company, one of India's leading motorcycle manufacturers, has had a visible presence in Bangladesh's two-wheeler market for years, with models such as the TVS Star City Plus, TVS Apache series and commuter bikes being popular among urban and rural riders alike.

Until recently, the brand's motorcycles were imported and distributed locally by Rangs Motors. However, fragmented distribution and inconsistent after-sales support have limited TVS's competitive edge against rivals with deeper retail networks. With PRAN-RFL now taking over marketing and future local production, the brand aims to strengthen its foothold in Bangladesh through expanded distribution.

Strong push for electric scooters

PRAN-RFL is placing particular emphasis on electric scooters, viewing them as vehicles of the future amid rising fuel costs and environmental concerns. Paul said electric scooters are already widely used in India, China and Vietnam, and Bangladesh has strong demand potential, although high prices have constrained growth.

By 2027, the company aims to offer RYDO electric scooters at around Tk50,000, targeting mass-market adoption. Production and assembly of RYDO scooters have already started at Habiganj with an initial investment of Tk50 crore. Currently, about 20% of components are manufactured locally, with plans to increase localisation to nearly 100% within a year through an additional Tk50 crore investment.

Mahmudur said the factory is now producing around 500 RYDO scooters per month, which will rise to 3,000 units once operations are fully scaled up.

Charging infrastructure remains a key challenge for electric two-wheelers. Addressing this, Paul said PRAN-RFL is installing fast-charging stations at its retail outlets in partnership with Japan-backed startup Glafit Bangladesh Limited, an initiative expected to support wider EV adoption.

Backward linkage push, steady growth strategy

Industry insiders estimate Bangladesh's motorcycle market at Tk7,000-8,000 crore, growing at 16-17% annually. Nearly 99% of motorcycles sold in the country are locally manufactured or assembled, driven by favourable government policies and rising urban and semi-urban mobility needs.

Motorcycle sales have nearly doubled over the past decade, rising from fewer than 2,00,000 units in 2015 to around 4,00,000 units annually. By 2027, industry capacity is expected to reach one million units.

PRAN-RFL also sees strong potential in backward linkage industries. Paul said components such as drive chains, seats, stands, wheels and batteries can be manufactured locally, leveraging RFL's experience in plastics, metal and consumer goods manufacturing.

Company officials said the first year will focus on stable growth, expanding dealer and service networks, and ensuring strong customer support, with a longer-term goal of emerging as a market leader in both conventional and electric two-wheelers.

Commerce Adviser Sheikh Bashir Uddin has said that Bangladesh can withdraw from the reciprocal tariff agreement signed with the United States by issuing a formal notice, should the next government choose to do so, as the deal includes an exit clause.

He disclosed the information at a press conference held at the Ministry of Commerce in the Secretariat today (10 February), a day after Bangladesh and the US signed the reciprocal tariff agreement.

The commerce adviser said the agreement contains a provision allowing either country to withdraw, if necessary, by serving an appropriate notice. "We were mindful of the next government while negotiating the deal. If a future government feels that the agreement is not suitable for any reason, this clause allows them to exit," he said.

Commerce Secretary Mahbubur Rahman said the agreement allows withdrawal with two months' notice, adding that the deal will come into force once both countries issue formal notifications.

On 2 April 2025, the United States imposed reciprocal tariffs on several countries at varying rates to reduce its trade deficit.

Initially, the Trump administration imposed a 37% reciprocal tariff on Bangladeshi products. After negotiations, the rate was reduced to 20% in August. Following nine months of talks, the two countries signed the agreement on 9 February, further reducing the reciprocal tariff to 19%.

Under the agreement, Bangladesh's main export item -- ready-made garments -- will enjoy zero reciprocal tariff if produced using US-origin cotton and man-made fibres.

At the press conference, the commerce adviser said Bangladesh exports goods worth around $8 billion to the US, and has a trade surplus of $6 billion. Overall, he said, the 19% reciprocal tariff will apply to only around 10% of Bangladesh's exports.

Noting that the US economy is worth $36 trillion, the adviser said its import demand is enormous, creating vast export opportunities for Bangladesh.

He also noted that Bangladesh imports agricultural products such as wheat, maize, and oilseeds worth around $15 billion annually, adding that the notion that Bangladesh is fully self-sufficient in food is incorrect.

Commerce Secretary Mahbubur Rahman said the US has introduced a tariff benefit called "Potential Tariff Adjustment for Partner Countries," which will take effect on the day the agreement comes into force. This benefit will apply to partner countries that have signed reciprocal tariff agreements with the US.

Under the scheme, the US has granted duty-free benefits on more than 2,500 items. Among products Bangladesh produces, pharmaceuticals top the list, meaning all medicines and pharmaceutical raw materials will enjoy duty-free access. Other eligible items include certain plastic products, aircraft parts, plywood, particle boards, agricultural products, and fishery items.

The commerce adviser said the agreement will significantly benefit the textile, spinning, and weaving sectors by enabling double-stage transformation. He added that while Bangladesh had pursued a free trade agreement (FTA) with the US, Washington was not interested in signing one.

The commerce secretary said the agreement initially did not include enforcement or exit clauses, but Bangladesh successfully negotiated their inclusion.

Responding to a question on whether the agreement includes provisions requiring Bangladesh to reduce imports from third countries or meet additional US demands, the commerce adviser said no such conditions were included.

The commerce secretary added that while such issues were initially raised, Bangladesh refused to accept them. "We made it clear during negotiations that we could not include any provisions that would create sensitivity or discrimination against other countries," he said.

Before the July uprising, the main index of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) stood at 5,223 points, with a daily turnover of Tk208 crore. Investor confidence plummeted, and many withdrew from the market.

During this uncertain period, the responsibility of restoring stability fell on Khondkar Rashed Maksud, chairman of the Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission (BSEC).

Investors placed their trust in the commission, expecting substantial reforms to stabilise the market.

After the uprising, Maksud's commission saw the crisis as an opportunity to restore market discipline, increase transparency, and rebuild investor confidence. As part of active measures, a five-member special investigation committee was formed to probe irregularities and corruption in 12 listed companies, most of which had occurred during the previous government's tenure.

Based on the committee's findings, several companies, including Beximco, faced fines. However, these measures had a mixed impact, causing investor apprehension. Public protests demanding the chairman's resignation were held at Motijheel as confidence in the commission wavered.

During this period, the commission also withdrew floor prices set by the previous commission, though two companies retained their floor prices. Structurally, the BSEC introduced amendments to three key laws to strengthen the market framework. The Public Issue Rules amendments made the IPO process for new companies more transparent and verifiable.

Margin Rules amendments controlled investor leverage to reduce excessive trading risks. Mutual Fund Rules amendments tightened mutual fund management regulations to safeguard investor interests. These reforms were seen as crucial steps toward transparency, risk management, and rebuilding investor confidence.

However, the commission's refusal to approve long-term fund-raising led to the cancellation or withdrawal of 18 applications totaling nearly Tk1,000 crore. This hindered entrepreneurs from implementing business plans and delayed multiple projects. Additionally, 21 officials were temporarily suspended for breaching market discipline, creating anxiety within the regulatory workforce.

The interim government's chief adviser issued five directives to restore market stability. These included reducing government-owned multinational company shares in the market to increase liquidity, encouraging and incentivising large domestic private companies to get listed, completing market reforms within three months with foreign expert assistance to prevent manipulation, taking strict action against those involved in irregularities or manipulation, and encouraging heavily debt-dependent businesses to raise funds via bonds and equity instead of relying solely on bank loans. The current commission is working to implement these directives.

A finance ministry-formed committee recommended creating a Tk10,000 crore fund to boost liquidity in the capital market, alongside a Tk3,000 crore fund offering loans to small investors at a 4% interest rate.

The committee in its report also proposed raising institutional investors' share to 60% and encouraging participation through tax incentives, including tax-free dividend income up to Tk1 lakh. It further proposed cutting capital gains tax to 5%, offering a 20% tax rebate on asset-backed securities, and extending tax exemptions for mutual funds.

The report calls for broader capital market development, strengthening the BSEC, reinforcing the state-owned Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (ICB), and improving stock exchange governance.

The market remains volatile, with fluctuating indices, limited trading volume, and investor confidence yet to fully recover. Post-election, the market may see moderate stabilisation, but long-term recovery will require policy consistency and restored investor trust.

Overall, the period following the July uprising can be seen as a transformative phase for Bangladesh's stock market. BSEC's measures focused on strengthening structural foundations. Punitive actions, legal reforms, floor price withdrawals, and advisory directives aimed to ensure market transparency and discipline. Yet, political and economic challenges mean achieving full market stability and restoring investor confidence will remain a gradual process.

Leaders of the country's brokerage community have called on the newly elected government to demonstrate its commitment to capital market reform within the first 100 days in office, stressing that timely and decisive measures are crucial to restoring investor confidence and stabilising a fragile economy.

"We want to see what concrete measures the new government takes within its first 100 days to develop the capital market in line with its election manifesto," said Saiful Islam, president of the DSE Brokers Association of Bangladesh (DBA), in a conversation with The Business Standard.

The oath-taking of the newly elected members of parliament and the cabinet members of the new government is likely to take place on Monday or Tuesday.

The Election Commission issued a gazette notification on Friday for the 13th parliamentary election, officially confirming the winners for 297 out of 299 seats where polling had been held.

The BNP secured 209 seats in the 12 February polls while Jamaat-e-Islami secured 68 seats.

Saiful Islam clarified that market participants' expectations are not limited to short-term actions. "Our expectations are not for the short term, but for the next five years. The BNP chairperson himself said at a press conference on Saturday that they are going to assume responsibility at a fragile time for the economy," Saiful said.

According to him, to steer both the fragile economy and the battered capital market towards recovery, the new BNP-led government must embark on a path of massive development. "We want to see clear initiatives and a roadmap for economic and capital market development within the first 100 days," he added.

Minhaz Mannan Emon, director of the Dhaka Stock Exchange, echoed similar sentiments. He said that in response to long-standing investor demands, the BNP included a specific roadmap for capital market development in its election manifesto.

"Investors now want to see the successful implementation of that roadmap," he said.

Emon alleged that during the past 15 to 17 years under what he described as a "fascist government," the capital market was subject to widespread plundering and mismanagement.

"The market was pushed to the brink of destruction," he said, adding that thousands of investors were rendered financially devastated during this period.

He noted that affected and nearly bankrupt investors now have high expectations from the new government. "There are strong hopes and aspirations among affected investors. We want to see the successful implementation of the commitments made toward the stock market," Emon said.

He further urged the incoming administration to continue the reform initiatives undertaken by the interim government in the capital market. "At the same time, good governance and discipline must be restored in the market to encourage investors to return."

Emon also stressed the importance of merit-based appointments at the Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission. He said the new government should appoint the BSEC chairman and commissioners based on qualifications rather than political considerations.

"The stock exchanges should be allowed to operate independently without interference. The media must also be able to function freely so that it can report on manipulation, irregularities and corruption. This will enhance transparency in the stock market," he said.

Echoing Emon's concerns, Saiful Islam said he expects the new government to overhaul the BSEC and appoint honest and competent individuals. He pointed out that policy inconsistency and a lack of coordination among regulators have significantly harmed investors.

Citing an example, Saiful said that at one stage it was announced that nine non-bank financial institutions would be liquidated, but later the number was revised to six. "Because of such inconsistency, investors have lost hundreds of crores of taka," he said.

He described policy inconsistency and non-cooperation among regulators as very serious issues. "We hope the new government will take responsibility and resolve these problems," he said, adding that the administration should work closely with the stock market to ensure its sustainable development.

Market stakeholders have identified several persistent challenges facing the capital market. Regulatory reforms remain stalled, while the supply side has weakened significantly, with virtually no new initial public offerings in the past three years.

Governance and transparency have yet to improve meaningfully, and foreign investment participation remains low. In addition, a lack of effective coordination among regulators and frequent policy reversals has further eroded investor confidence.

Despite these structural weaknesses, the market showed a strong rally in the two trading sessions leading up to the national election. The benchmark DSEX index gained 170 points to reach 5,399, while market capitalisation rose by Tk9,800 crore. Daily turnover climbed to Tk790 crore, marking a four-month high.

Market participants believe this rally reflects optimism surrounding political stability and expectations of reform under the new government. However, brokers and exchange officials caution that without swift and visible policy actions, the renewed momentum may prove short-lived.